CmUC06G117750 (gene) Watermelon (USVL531) v1

Overview
NameCmUC06G117750
Typegene
OrganismCitrullus mucosospermus (Watermelon (USVL531) v1)
DescriptionCytochrome c oxidase subunit 2
LocationCmU531Chr06: 14971199 .. 14971534 (-)
RNA-Seq ExpressionCmUC06G117750
SyntenyCmUC06G117750
Sequences
The following sequences are available for this feature:

Gene sequence (with intron)

Legend: exonCDSpolypeptide
Hold the cursor over a type above to highlight its positions in the sequence below.
ATGGTAGGTGTAGGAGATAGGCGAAGCGGTAGCGAAGCTCTAGCCATTTCAGTCTTCTTTTTATCCTTAGCAATGCCCAAAGACTCCCATGCCTATCTTGGCTGGACTAACCCAACCGGCAATTTCCGTCTTCCTGAATTGGGAGAGCAAGAACGAGTCTCTCCTTTTTTTGGGGGCAAAATGATTGTTCTAAAATGGCTATTCCTTACTACTCCTTGTGATGCAGTGGAACCATGGCAATTAGGATCTCAAGACGCAGCAACACCTATGATGCAAGGGATAATAGACTTACATCATGATATCTTTTTCTTCCTCAAGGACGAATTGAATAAGTGA

mRNA sequence

ATGGTAGGTGTAGGAGATAGGCGAAGCGGTAGCGAAGCTCTAGCCATTTCAGTCTTCTTTTTATCCTTAGCAATGCCCAAAGACTCCCATGCCTATCTTGGCTGGACTAACCCAACCGGCAATTTCCGTCTTCCTGAATTGGGAGAGCAAGAACGAGTCTCTCCTTTTTTTGGGGGCAAAATGATTGTTCTAAAATGGCTATTCCTTACTACTCCTTGTGATGCAGTGGAACCATGGCAATTAGGATCTCAAGACGCAGCAACACCTATGATGCAAGGGATAATAGACTTACATCATGATATCTTTTTCTTCCTCAAGGACGAATTGAATAAGTGA

Coding sequence (CDS)

ATGGTAGGTGTAGGAGATAGGCGAAGCGGTAGCGAAGCTCTAGCCATTTCAGTCTTCTTTTTATCCTTAGCAATGCCCAAAGACTCCCATGCCTATCTTGGCTGGACTAACCCAACCGGCAATTTCCGTCTTCCTGAATTGGGAGAGCAAGAACGAGTCTCTCCTTTTTTTGGGGGCAAAATGATTGTTCTAAAATGGCTATTCCTTACTACTCCTTGTGATGCAGTGGAACCATGGCAATTAGGATCTCAAGACGCAGCAACACCTATGATGCAAGGGATAATAGACTTACATCATGATATCTTTTTCTTCCTCAAGGACGAATTGAATAAGTGA

Protein sequence

MVGVGDRRSGSEALAISVFFLSLAMPKDSHAYLGWTNPTGNFRLPELGEQERVSPFFGGKMIVLKWLFLTTPCDAVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFLKDELNK
Homology
[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. NCBI nr
Match: KAB9173090.1 (hypothetical protein FH972_026993 [Carpinus fangiana])

HSP 1 Score: 147.1 bits (370), Expect = 8.8e-32
Identity = 70/92 (76.09%), Postives = 76/92 (82.61%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 25  MPKDSHAYLGWTNPTGNFRLPELGEQERVSPFFGG----------KMIVLKWLFLT-TPC 84
           MPKDSHA+LGWTNPTG+FRL ELGEQE+VS FF G          +MIVL+WLFLT  PC
Sbjct: 1   MPKDSHAFLGWTNPTGDFRLSELGEQEQVSLFFWGGAEQSKNEANQMIVLEWLFLTIAPC 60

Query: 85  DAVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
           DA EPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGI+DLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 61  DAAEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIMDLHHDIFFFL 92

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. NCBI nr
Match: XP_015868752.1 (uncharacterized protein LOC107406162 [Ziziphus jujuba] >XP_015868754.1 uncharacterized protein LOC107406163 [Ziziphus jujuba])

HSP 1 Score: 141.4 bits (355), Expect = 4.8e-30
Identity = 72/108 (66.67%), Postives = 82/108 (75.93%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 10  GSEALAISV-FFLSLAMPKDSHAYLGWTNPTGNFRLPELGEQERVSPFFGG--------- 69
           GS++L  S    LS +  K+SH +LGWT+PTG+FRLPELGEQE+VS  F G         
Sbjct: 292 GSQSLLNSTQALLSPSNAKNSHVFLGWTSPTGDFRLPELGEQEQVSLHFWGRAEQSKNAP 351

Query: 70  -KMIVLKWLFLT-TPCDAVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
            KMIVL+WLFLT  PCDA EPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGI+DLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 352 NKMIVLEWLFLTIAPCDAAEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIMDLHHDIFFFL 399

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. NCBI nr
Match: KAF3452243.1 (hypothetical protein FNV43_RR08341 [Rhamnella rubrinervis])

HSP 1 Score: 135.6 bits (340), Expect = 2.7e-28
Identity = 66/96 (68.75%), Postives = 75/96 (78.12%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 21  LSLAMPKDSHAYLGWTNPTGNFRLPELGEQERVSPFFGG----------KMIVLKWLFLT 80
           LS +  K+SH +LGWT+PTG+FRLPE  EQE+VS  F G          KMIVL+WLFLT
Sbjct: 414 LSPSNEKNSHVFLGWTSPTGDFRLPEWREQEQVSLLFWGGAEQSKNEPNKMIVLEWLFLT 473

Query: 81  -TPCDAVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
            +PCDA EPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGI+DLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 474 ISPCDAAEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIMDLHHDIFFFL 509

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. NCBI nr
Match: KAA0050490.1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 [Cucumis melo var. makuwa])

HSP 1 Score: 132.1 bits (331), Expect = 2.9e-27
Identity = 64/85 (75.29%), Postives = 67/85 (78.82%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 29  SHAYLGWTNPTGNFRLPELGEQERVSPFFGG----------KMIVLKWLFLT-TPCDAVE 88
           SHA+LGW NPTG+FRLP LGEQE+VS FF G          KMIVLKWLFLT  PCDA E
Sbjct: 66  SHAFLGWINPTGDFRLPSLGEQEQVSLFFLGGAEQSKKKAKKMIVLKWLFLTIAPCDAAE 125

Query: 89  PWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIF 103
           PWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHD F
Sbjct: 126 PWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDTF 150

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. NCBI nr
Match: GFS28310.1 (hypothetical protein Acr_00g0001100 [Actinidia rufa])

HSP 1 Score: 127.9 bits (320), Expect = 5.5e-26
Identity = 64/91 (70.33%), Postives = 68/91 (74.73%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 25  MPKDSHAYLGWTNPTGNFRLPELGEQERVSPFFGG---------KMIVLKWLFLT-TPCD 84
           MPKDSHA+LGWTN     R P  GEQE+VS F GG         +MIVL+WLFLT  PCD
Sbjct: 1   MPKDSHAFLGWTNR----RFPSSGEQEQVSLFLGGAEQSKNEPNQMIVLEWLFLTIAPCD 60

Query: 85  AVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
           A EPWQLGSQDAATP MQGIIDLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 61  AAEPWQLGSQDAATPTMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 87

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. ExPASy Swiss-Prot
Match: P92559 (Uncharacterized mitochondrial protein AtMg01280 OS=Arabidopsis thaliana OX=3702 GN=AtMg01280 PE=3 SV=1)

HSP 1 Score: 92.0 bits (227), Expect = 4.4e-18
Identity = 42/46 (91.30%), Postives = 44/46 (95.65%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 61  MIVLKWLFLT-TPCDAVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
           MIVLKWLFLT +PCDA EPWQLGSQDAATP+MQGIIDLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 1   MIVLKWLFLTISPCDAAEPWQLGSQDAATPIMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 46

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. ExPASy Swiss-Prot
Match: P93285 (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Arabidopsis thaliana OX=3702 GN=COX2 PE=1 SV=2)

HSP 1 Score: 88.2 bits (217), Expect = 6.4e-17
Identity = 40/46 (86.96%), Postives = 42/46 (91.30%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 61  MIVLKWLFLT-TPCDAVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
           MIVLKWLF T +PCDA EPWQLG QDAATP+MQGIIDLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 1   MIVLKWLFFTISPCDAAEPWQLGFQDAATPIMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 46

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. ExPASy Swiss-Prot
Match: P98012 (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Beta vulgaris OX=161934 GN=COX2 PE=2 SV=1)

HSP 1 Score: 85.5 bits (210), Expect = 4.1e-16
Identity = 39/46 (84.78%), Postives = 40/46 (86.96%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 61  MIVLKWLFLT-TPCDAVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
           MIV +WLF T  PCDA EPWQLG QDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 1   MIVREWLFFTMAPCDAAEPWQLGFQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 46

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. ExPASy Swiss-Prot
Match: P08744 (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Pisum sativum OX=3888 GN=COX2 PE=3 SV=2)

HSP 1 Score: 84.3 bits (207), Expect = 9.2e-16
Identity = 38/43 (88.37%), Postives = 39/43 (90.70%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 64  LKWLFLT-TPCDAVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
           L+WLFLT  PCDA EPWQLG QDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 3   LEWLFLTIAPCDAAEPWQLGFQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 45

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. ExPASy Swiss-Prot
Match: P05491 (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Glycine max OX=3847 GN=COX2 PE=3 SV=2)

HSP 1 Score: 82.8 bits (203), Expect = 2.7e-15
Identity = 37/42 (88.10%), Postives = 38/42 (90.48%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 65  KWLFLT-TPCDAVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
           +WLFLT  PCDA EPWQLG QDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 4   EWLFLTIAPCDAAEPWQLGFQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 45

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. ExPASy TrEMBL
Match: A0A5N6L5W4 (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Carpinus fangiana OX=176857 GN=FH972_026993 PE=3 SV=1)

HSP 1 Score: 147.1 bits (370), Expect = 4.3e-32
Identity = 70/92 (76.09%), Postives = 76/92 (82.61%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 25  MPKDSHAYLGWTNPTGNFRLPELGEQERVSPFFGG----------KMIVLKWLFLT-TPC 84
           MPKDSHA+LGWTNPTG+FRL ELGEQE+VS FF G          +MIVL+WLFLT  PC
Sbjct: 1   MPKDSHAFLGWTNPTGDFRLSELGEQEQVSLFFWGGAEQSKNEANQMIVLEWLFLTIAPC 60

Query: 85  DAVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
           DA EPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGI+DLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 61  DAAEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIMDLHHDIFFFL 92

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. ExPASy TrEMBL
Match: A0A6P3YWJ4 (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Ziziphus jujuba OX=326968 GN=LOC107406162 PE=3 SV=1)

HSP 1 Score: 141.4 bits (355), Expect = 2.3e-30
Identity = 72/108 (66.67%), Postives = 82/108 (75.93%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 10  GSEALAISV-FFLSLAMPKDSHAYLGWTNPTGNFRLPELGEQERVSPFFGG--------- 69
           GS++L  S    LS +  K+SH +LGWT+PTG+FRLPELGEQE+VS  F G         
Sbjct: 292 GSQSLLNSTQALLSPSNAKNSHVFLGWTSPTGDFRLPELGEQEQVSLHFWGRAEQSKNAP 351

Query: 70  -KMIVLKWLFLT-TPCDAVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
            KMIVL+WLFLT  PCDA EPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGI+DLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 352 NKMIVLEWLFLTIAPCDAAEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIMDLHHDIFFFL 399

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. ExPASy TrEMBL
Match: A0A5A7U5K2 (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Cucumis melo var. makuwa OX=1194695 GN=E6C27_scaffold175G001170 PE=4 SV=1)

HSP 1 Score: 132.1 bits (331), Expect = 1.4e-27
Identity = 64/85 (75.29%), Postives = 67/85 (78.82%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 29  SHAYLGWTNPTGNFRLPELGEQERVSPFFGG----------KMIVLKWLFLT-TPCDAVE 88
           SHA+LGW NPTG+FRLP LGEQE+VS FF G          KMIVLKWLFLT  PCDA E
Sbjct: 66  SHAFLGWINPTGDFRLPSLGEQEQVSLFFLGGAEQSKKKAKKMIVLKWLFLTIAPCDAAE 125

Query: 89  PWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIF 103
           PWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHD F
Sbjct: 126 PWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDTF 150

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. ExPASy TrEMBL
Match: A0A7J0D8B7 (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Actinidia rufa OX=165716 GN=Acr_00g0001450 PE=3 SV=1)

HSP 1 Score: 127.9 bits (320), Expect = 2.7e-26
Identity = 64/91 (70.33%), Postives = 68/91 (74.73%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 25  MPKDSHAYLGWTNPTGNFRLPELGEQERVSPFFGG---------KMIVLKWLFLT-TPCD 84
           MPKDSHA+LGWTN     R P  GEQE+VS F GG         +MIVL+WLFLT  PCD
Sbjct: 1   MPKDSHAFLGWTNR----RFPSSGEQEQVSLFLGGAEQSKNEPNQMIVLEWLFLTIAPCD 60

Query: 85  AVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
           A EPWQLGSQDAATP MQGIIDLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 61  AAEPWQLGSQDAATPTMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 87

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. ExPASy TrEMBL
Match: A0A7J0D6G2 (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Actinidia rufa OX=165716 GN=Acr_00g0001100 PE=3 SV=1)

HSP 1 Score: 127.9 bits (320), Expect = 2.7e-26
Identity = 64/91 (70.33%), Postives = 68/91 (74.73%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 25  MPKDSHAYLGWTNPTGNFRLPELGEQERVSPFFGG---------KMIVLKWLFLT-TPCD 84
           MPKDSHA+LGWTN     R P  GEQE+VS F GG         +MIVL+WLFLT  PCD
Sbjct: 1   MPKDSHAFLGWTNR----RFPSSGEQEQVSLFLGGAEQSKNEPNQMIVLEWLFLTIAPCD 60

Query: 85  AVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
           A EPWQLGSQDAATP MQGIIDLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 61  AAEPWQLGSQDAATPTMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 87

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. TAIR 10
Match: AT2G07695.1 (Cytochrome C oxidase subunit II-like, transmembrane domain )

HSP 1 Score: 92.0 bits (227), Expect = 3.1e-19
Identity = 42/46 (91.30%), Postives = 44/46 (95.65%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 61  MIVLKWLFLT-TPCDAVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
           MIVLKWLFLT +PCDA EPWQLGSQDAATP+MQGIIDLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 1   MIVLKWLFLTISPCDAAEPWQLGSQDAATPIMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 46

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. TAIR 10
Match: ATMG00160.1 (cytochrome oxidase 2 )

HSP 1 Score: 92.0 bits (227), Expect = 3.1e-19
Identity = 42/46 (91.30%), Postives = 44/46 (95.65%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 61  MIVLKWLFLT-TPCDAVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
           MIVLKWLFLT +PCDA EPWQLGSQDAATP+MQGIIDLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 1   MIVLKWLFLTISPCDAAEPWQLGSQDAATPIMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 46

[Close]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. TAIR 10
Match: ATMG01280.1 (Cytochrome C oxidase subunit II-like, transmembrane domain )

HSP 1 Score: 92.0 bits (227), Expect = 3.1e-19
Identity = 42/46 (91.30%), Postives = 44/46 (95.65%), Query Frame = 0 

Query: 61  MIVLKWLFLT-TPCDAVEPWQLGSQDAATPMMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 106
           MIVLKWLFLT +PCDA EPWQLGSQDAATP+MQGIIDLHHDIFFFL
Sbjct: 1   MIVLKWLFLTISPCDAAEPWQLGSQDAATPIMQGIIDLHHDIFFFL 46

The following BLAST results are available for this feature:
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. NCBI nr
Match NameE-valueIdentityDescription
KAB9173090.18.8e-3276.09hypothetical protein FH972_026993 [Carpinus fangiana][more]
XP_015868752.14.8e-3066.67uncharacterized protein LOC107406162 [Ziziphus jujuba] >XP_015868754.1 uncharact... [more]
KAF3452243.12.7e-2868.75hypothetical protein FNV43_RR08341 [Rhamnella rubrinervis][more]
KAA0050490.12.9e-2775.29cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 [Cucumis melo var. makuwa][more]
GFS28310.15.5e-2670.33hypothetical protein Acr_00g0001100 [Actinidia rufa][more]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. ExPASy Swiss-Prot
Match NameE-valueIdentityDescription
P925594.4e-1891.30Uncharacterized mitochondrial protein AtMg01280 OS=Arabidopsis thaliana OX=3702 ... [more]
P932856.4e-1786.96Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Arabidopsis thaliana OX=3702 GN=COX2 PE=1 SV=2[more]
P980124.1e-1684.78Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Beta vulgaris OX=161934 GN=COX2 PE=2 SV=1[more]
P087449.2e-1688.37Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Pisum sativum OX=3888 GN=COX2 PE=3 SV=2[more]
P054912.7e-1588.10Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Glycine max OX=3847 GN=COX2 PE=3 SV=2[more]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. ExPASy TrEMBL
Match NameE-valueIdentityDescription
A0A5N6L5W44.3e-3276.09Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Carpinus fangiana OX=176857 GN=FH972_026993 PE... [more]
A0A6P3YWJ42.3e-3066.67Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Ziziphus jujuba OX=326968 GN=LOC107406162 PE=3... [more]
A0A5A7U5K21.4e-2775.29Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Cucumis melo var. makuwa OX=1194695 GN=E6C27_s... [more]
A0A7J0D8B72.7e-2670.33Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Actinidia rufa OX=165716 GN=Acr_00g0001450 PE=... [more]
A0A7J0D6G22.7e-2670.33Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 OS=Actinidia rufa OX=165716 GN=Acr_00g0001100 PE=... [more]
BLAST of CmUC06G117750 vs. TAIR 10
Match NameE-valueIdentityDescription
AT2G07695.13.1e-1991.30Cytochrome C oxidase subunit II-like, transmembrane domain [more]
ATMG00160.13.1e-1991.30cytochrome oxidase 2 [more]
ATMG01280.13.1e-1991.30Cytochrome C oxidase subunit II-like, transmembrane domain [more]
InterPro
Analysis Name: InterPro Annotations of Watermelon (USVL531) v1
Date Performed: 2022-01-31
IPR TermIPR DescriptionSourceSource TermSource DescriptionAlignment
IPR036257Cytochrome C oxidase subunit II, transmembrane domain superfamilyGENE3D1.10.287.90coord: 61..106
e-value: 5.9E-8
score: 34.6
IPR036257Cytochrome C oxidase subunit II, transmembrane domain superfamilySUPERFAMILY81464Cytochrome c oxidase subunit II-like, transmembrane regioncoord: 67..105
IPR011759Cytochrome C oxidase subunit II, transmembrane domainPFAMPF02790COX2_TMcoord: 77..105
e-value: 8.9E-5
score: 22.6
NoneNo IPR availablePANTHERPTHR22888CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE, SUBUNIT IIcoord: 68..105
NoneNo IPR availablePANTHERPTHR22888:SF20CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE SUBUNIT 2coord: 68..105

Relationships

The following mRNA feature(s) are a part of this gene:

Feature NameUnique NameType
CmUC06G117750.1CmUC06G117750.1mRNA


GO Annotation
GO Assignments
This gene is annotated with the following GO terms.
Category Term Accession Term Name
biological_process GO:0022900 electron transport chain
biological_process GO:1902600 proton transmembrane transport
cellular_component GO:0016021 integral component of membrane
cellular_component GO:0005743 mitochondrial inner membrane
cellular_component GO:0070469 respirasome
molecular_function GO:0005507 copper ion binding
molecular_function GO:0004129 cytochrome-c oxidase activity
molecular_function GO:0046983 protein dimerization activity